7 20 1145 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1916 Person An individual. Last Name Brown First and Middle Name James Rodes Parents James G. Brown Siblings Harold, Spouse(s) Anna Virginia Smith Children Frances and James R. Brown Jr. Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Veterinary Hospital No. 16 Rank What military rank did this individual hold? Sergeant Other Events What other significant events, outside of the military, occurred in this individual's life? After armistice he spent 10 months in school in Scotland VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1916 Bibliography <ul> <li><a href="https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/items/62834e04-4638-49b8-ae9a-9baa914ad090" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Bugle, 1913 yearbook, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Blacksburg, Virginia), pg. 121.</a></li> </ul> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brown, James Rodes https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/b258050eb75bef12e4cce366595d2183.jpg dcd24b73dac07bac0e72439b8c00b0ee https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/9dbb1456ba1f7e585505b3562d75dc27.jpg 15a9b5ef616a51226a9a4d29047288dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Unknown Graduating Classes and Employees Person An individual. Last Name Carson First and Middle Name Clifford Carleton Biographical Text Colonel Clifford Carson and Virginia Tech’s Connection to Tractor Artillery Transport in the First World War In January 1917 Virginia Polytechnic Institute welcomed 41-year-old Captain Clifford C. Carson as Commandant and Professor of Military Science. Captain Carson was born in Ohio in 1876 and graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1900. After graduating Carson spent the next 17 years as a field artillery officer; spending time at different Army installations and schools from the Philippines to Fort Monroe, Virginia. Captain Carson’s tenure as VPI’s Commandant was cut short by America’s entry into the First World War. In need of qualified officers for the United States Army, Carson was pulled back to regular service in June 1917 to become the director of the field artillery training camp at Fort Monroe. His talent at organizing instruction of artillery officers at Fort Monroe was noticed by Army leaders. Carson was promoted to Major and sent to France, where he was tasked to create and direct tractor artillery training centers for the American Expeditionary Force (AEF). Even before the First World War militaries began to see the advantages of transitioning from horse-drawn artillery to mechanized artillery transport. Among the new technologies used to transport artillery were continuous track caterpillar tractors. Continuous track tractors are propelled by a continuous band of treads or track plates which run around two or more wheels. The treads could be made of different materials, but the most common type of continuous track used during the First World War were tracks of steel plates which were called caterpillar tread – hence the name caterpillar tractors. These tractors became a commercial success in the first decade of the 1900s and were mainly used for agricultural purposes prior to war. Their ability to transport heavy loads and traverse difficult terrain, otherwise impossible for horses, convinced military leaders to adapt them for war. The largest manufacturers of these types of tractors were both located in the United States – the Holt Caterpillar Company located in California and Illinois and the C. L. Best Tractor Company also located in California. Both companies later merged in 1925 to form the Caterpillar Tractor Company which still exists today. Prior to 1914 both companies conducted brisk business in Europe and sold thousands of tractors to Allied and Central Powers. After 1914, largely due to Britain’s naval blockade of Germany, nearly all their international manufacturing exports went to the Allied nations – chiefly Britain and France. Germany was perhaps the first warring nation to widely use caterpillar tractors, many of which were requisitioned from German farmers, to haul their heavy artillery pieces to both fronts. The German Army began the war with a clear advantage in the numbers of heavy large-caliber artillery and it was an advantage that they would maintain through most of the war. Britain and France began the war with an artillery disadvantage. Most Allied artillery consisted of smaller field pieces with a shorter range, compared to the Germans, which required them to be placed closer to the front and thus more vulnerable to artillery counterfire and infantry fire. Further, smaller Allied artillery did not have the punching power to penetrate reinforced and underground fortifications. While the Allies did use caterpillar tractors from the beginning of the war, they mainly used them to construct, haul, and transport. By 1916 both Allied and Central Powers were commonly using caterpillar tractors to move heavy guns to and across the front. Some tractors were even modified and fitted with basic armor to protect against bullets and shrapnel– a modification that was an inspiration for the development of the tank. Tractor-drawn artillery held distinct advantages over horse-drawn artillery. Tractor-drawn artillery was able to move across difficult terrain in a variety of weather conditions and across ground disturbed by artillery shelling, vehicles, horses and mules, and infantry. As one journalist noted, unlike horses, tractors could “push down trees,” “ignore fallen logs,” and could “waddle over the roughest kind of terrain and [go] through what have before been the most discouraging obstacles.” Tractors could also haul more tonnage and one tractor alone could have more horsepower than a typical team of men and horses. As one engineer wrote after the war, one tractor per 155mm gun “is the equivalent of 10 horses, and yet it is so compact that when packed it occupies but 360 cu. ft.” He further wrote that tractors did not require land to graze or supplies of fodder, noting that “The horses in a[n entire] regiment equipped with this [155mm] caliber of gun consume daily 36,000 lb. of forage, whether the animals are at work or idle. The same regiment with its [tractor] equipment consumes but 29,000 lb. of fuel, oils and greases, when moving 50 miles…” Finally, he wrote that tractors were easier to camouflage than horses and that shrapnel bursts, which could kill entire teams of horses, often left armored tractors “uninjured.” While many smaller guns, like the famous French 75mm, continued to be transported by man and horse by all sides throughout the war, machines steadily replaced animals between 1914 and 1918. A transition only accelerated as armies confronted shortages of horses and mules due to appallingly high mortality rates for these animals during the war. In a war dominated by artillery (88% of all battlefield casualties sustained by the American Expeditionary Force alone in the war were from artillery fire) the mobility of artillery pieces was an important component of a successful assault. In order for infantry to maneuver, artillery barrages were required prior to an assault. To keep ground gained through a successful infantry assault, artillery needed to be moved forward to provide close support. Across battlefields wrecked by men, machines, and artillery, caterpillar tractors were a reliable way to move artillery forward. Entering rather late in the war, training thousands of new American volunteers and draftees to operate and maintain caterpillar tractors once they arrived in France was a logistical challenge for the AEF. Major Clifford Carson, who was promoted to Colonel in July 1918, oversaw the construction of the AEF’s tractor artillery training centers in France. The main centers were located around Clermont-Ferrand, Gien, Libourne, and Limoges. As director of these centers Carson oversaw their operation throughout the entirety of the war and helped create the curriculum soldiers received at the centers – essentially helping to form the changing doctrine of artillery transport for the United States Army. Students at the tractor artillery training centers completed abbreviated two to six-week courses of study during which they learned how to maintain and repair multiple types of tractors and learned how to operate them hauling different types of loads and over varied terrain. One soldier, 2nd Lieutenant Clayton Williams from Texas, who studied under Colonel Carson at one of the training centers, wrote home about a training exercise where he and other students moved four artillery pieces 15 kilometers over rough terrain: “It was snowing and raining, and it was thus a test under difficulties. We started out at 7 AM and pulled out the 15 kilometers, put the guns in place, which latter task required some road building and work with blocks and tackles among the big trees and sand drives… it was good work to pull 4 guns, each weighing 15 tons, out and back 30 kilometers, place them in and out of position under such difficulties, all done by tractors handled by us alone.” Thousands of officers and men studied at Colonel Carson’s tractor artillery centers. Among those who trained at his centers were seven former Virginia Polytechnic cadets who served with the 60th Artillery Regiment and received training at a tractor artillery center near Libourne, France – Charles Logan (’17), Charles Diggs (’14), Allen Grumm (’16), John Hindle (’17), Joseph Holmes (’12), Everett Barton (’17), and William Epes (’15). For his efforts Colonel Carson received the Distinguished Service Medal for his exceptional ability organizing and commanding the AEF’s tractor artillery training centers. Colonel Carson played a vital role in changing the nature of American artillery transport in the months between 1917 and 1919; no doubt playing a small part in the success of the AEF in the field and helping to craft a new doctrine of artillery transport which would be perfected by military thinkers in the decades after the war. The First World War was a period rapid military innovation. During the war new technologies emerged that changed the face of warfare. While other technologies, like the caterpillar tractor, were modified and adapted to new wartime uses. One of the lasting effects of the First World War was the development of motorized transport for artillery by military leaders and thinkers like Colonel Carson. Motorized artillery transport which began in the First World War was perfected during the interwar years and by the Second World War trucks, tractors, and tanks virtually replaced the use of horses and mules in military capacities. The First World War was a fulcrum point in warfare and two decades later the Second World War was a war fought with track, tread, and gasoline. Birth Date April 4, 1876 Birthplace Ohio Death Date April 5, 1958 Place of Death Lake, Florida Spouse(s) Frances Custis Mapp Children Elizabeth Custis Carson Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point 33rd in his class in 1900. Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? United States Army Rank What military rank did this individual hold? He was promoted to 1st lieutenant in 1901, captain in 1907, major in 1917, and colonel in July 1918. Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? Commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the 7th Artillery on June 13, 1900 and served in variety of Army bases in the United States (including Fort Monroe, Virginia at the Coast Artillery School) and in the Philippines. Carson became the Professor of Military Science and Tactics at Virginia Polytechnic Institute in January 1917, with the rank of Captain at the time. A post he only held until June 1917 when he left to direct the 1st Training Camp at Fort Monroe, Virginia. He was promoted to Major within the Coast Artillery Corps on July 3, 1917 and sailed for France that same month. Upon his arrival in France he was appointed Director of all Tractor Artillery Schools for the entire American Expeditionary Force and was quickly promoted to full Colonel by July 12, 1918. For his exceptional ability organizing and commanding the training centers of officers for the AEF Tractor Artillery he received the Distinguished Service Medal. Decorations or Citations For his exceptional ability organizing and commanding the training centers of officers for the AEF Tractor Artillery he received the Distinguished Service Medal. Battles or Engagements What battles or engagements was this individual involved in during World War One? Organized tractor artillery schools in France for the American Expeditionary Force. Occupation Served as Commandant of Cadets at VPI in Spring 1917. 1927 "Virginia Polytehnic Institute in the World War" booklet Did this individual appear in the 1927 booklet "Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the World War"? If so what page? No Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carson, Clifford Carleton https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/93a151381caafcf3ba422ab3f004659f.tif 6412f5963e339618258177cb37459c8e https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1fab5547625a5a8e5ed80d112bf8f08d.tif 6362594a7de11ebc796236a9ad2de608 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/a04f1b8c8eb9a416cd95d00ab23454f5.tif d79676ac9582d3bd65deb6d6e10063f9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Unknown Graduating Classes and Employees Person An individual. Last Name Newton First and Middle Name Albert Chatman Hometown Fork Union, Virginia County and/or State Virginia Birth Date July 13, 1895 Death Date December 11, 1945 Place of Death Roanoke, Virginia Parents Joseph and Annie Newton VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? Unknown Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Company A, 318th Regiment, 80th Division Rank What military rank did this individual hold? Private Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? Was under medical care at Base Hospital 33 in Brest, France from June 3, 1918 - July 25, 1918; likely for tuberculosis which he again received treatment for after the war Reported that he suffered from a "physical breakdown" one month after returning from France and he also indicated that he had not fully recovered from his wound as late as October 1921. Wounded by shrapnel in the Bois de Fays during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive on October 5, 1918 Battles or Engagements What battles or engagements was this individual involved in during World War One? Arras Sector, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne Offensive Postwar Life What did this individual do after the war? Attended Virginia Tech after the war Bibliography <ul> <li><a href="https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma990006708240205756&context=L&vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA&lang=en&search_scope=MyInstitution_noAER&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=LibraryCatalog&query=any,contains,newton&sortby=title&offset=10">Albert Newton's Virginia World War I History Survey</a></li> <li><a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/4854215.html">History of the 318th Infantry Regiment of the 80th Division, 1917-1919</a></li> </ul> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Newton, Albert Chatman questionnaire wounded Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1925 Person An individual. Last Name Ayres First and Middle Name H. P. VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1925 Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Battery A, 10th Field Artillery, 3rd Division Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ayres, H. P. https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/dd4d5810698b9b9605334d90d8e51340.jpg 3677029d8e38b2785bc005e7873bfc05 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/2e9edf7bfb85356fc5f52fcba318d336.jpg f0e477c806c2f569db4748a3ca4be2b7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1924 Person An individual. Last Name Strouth First and Middle Name William Walter Hometown Cleveland, Virginia VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1924 Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Mechanical Engineering Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Yes Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Co. C, 318th Infantry, 80th Division Rank What military rank did this individual hold? Corporal Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? <ul> <li>wounded in action the Meuse-Argonne Offensive</li> </ul> Other Events What other significant events, outside of the military, occurred in this individual's life? <ul> <li>was married during college</li> </ul> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Strouth, William Walter wounded https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/469ccfd6c304796a0755a85a1f4a2767.jpg 3140c29b03f94e7fa00b49d75eeb499a https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/05505246d3e27c9bc52f7384184ad1eb.jpg 117e630f4298aa191f1541e65493eac4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1924 Person An individual. Last Name Fulton First and Middle Name William Penn Hometown Critz, Virginia VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1924 Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Agricultural Education Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Yes Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? 159th Aero Squadron Other Events What other significant events, outside of the military, occurred in this individual's life? Attended Randolph-Macon before the war and then joined the service. Following the war he decided to attend VPI. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fulton, William Penn https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/18446c66169dc75aaf240333f0d10b65.jpg 806d12f05b44e06e6357aa94705ba3e5 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/85aaf608620e922c71c4d36107a18b84.jpg 305a7b44e25139d9ac39ea97d1fb76f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1921 Person An individual. Last Name Fields First and Middle Name Gentry Elbert Hometown Elk Garden, Virginia VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1921 Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Mechanical Engineering Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Navy Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fields, Gentry Elbert https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/1de58d7e009a5fcdeffddb09e87c937b.jpg 948ca0d36cf6e3cd091c190e77f980e7 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/5877ba8df78e584e65b6b1070146db77.jpg 4a29a6f8070b856c53147464d8af767b https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/c0c411bd7e102a82218f3eeaa0651fa4.tif 3a220a6786b9a7e1e63c47dd5e9d9435 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/bf0380688bd43874d68f618eefc4299b.tif 6f92b589495dfc34d89f9d0e4e2d3d1d https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/f5199cb98dae8a95f07f32e8dc26845a.tif a6dae8cf4ccc7bd493951742866ee737 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/d0ef0491903eb3f535306745762a14fc.tif 5ecb2d592ca4680ac57279b1245ccca1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1921 Person An individual. Last Name Greear First and Middle Name Howard Blair Hometown Troutdale, Virginia VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1921 Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Electrical Engineering Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Yes Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Other Events What other significant events, outside of the military, occurred in this individual's life? Entered VPI in 1916, left and served in the Army during the war, and returned to finish studies. Birth Date 11 March 1897 Birthplace Troutville, VA Parents Robert and Bird Greear Rank What military rank did this individual hold? Private to Sergeant to 2nd Lieutenant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Greear, Howard Blair questionnaire https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/9c9d1d8ce22c4ec68ef643511ab90250.jpg c6c19497fbfe6a1c763773add63c9bf3 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/29b67e249ff7900ed1a56709aff9ab0e.jpg 1ca4fea71c0fd85bf7d8c538258622cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1921 Person An individual. Last Name Michael First and Middle Name Charles Lee Hometown Staunton, Virginia VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1921 Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Civil Engineering Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Yes Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Field Artillery Rank What military rank did this individual hold? 2nd Lieutenant Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? <ul> <li>Left VPI in Fall 1915 and joined the Army. Saw two years of service on the Mexican Border. Became a 2nd Lieutenant before the signing of the Armistice. </li> </ul> Postwar Life What did this individual do after the war? Returned to VPI to finish studies after war ended. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Michael, Charles Lee https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/b34c8c1de173a06d8a154c32f81e02c0.jpg 8da5604467f0a85793994c13f999aee9 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/c1346392f961de724485e6c41de50188.jpg f25d25367847e722b6389630f0eb2d69 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/d6b5ab53eb5149c299865a3673803d56.tif 207050824c3151419d5d368de31bf2a1 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/0272461eca4545745aff4cfacd862681.tif d924257c9bd49883e242f74d8f7348a7 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/c8cf0765c3a2f12896b83a0be42cb0e3.tif f6e476541a7e9fa2a11ff4b4c93407a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1921 Person An individual. Last Name Traylor First and Middle Name Edward Lowry Hometown Petersburg, Virginia VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1921 (though originally in the class of 1920) Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Animal Husbandry Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Yes Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Battery C, 50th Costal Artillery Rank What military rank did this individual hold? Private to Sergeant, to 2nd Lieutenant Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? Went to France in October 1918 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Traylor, Edward Lowry questionnaire https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/aa2a8248837362c41e4f315246988cf6.jpg 84c0ad12581fdefc95b7224d21887c7a https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/2ab45a23140ecfc02d4c5a3689229d90.jpg ed122ea9cccc15126a6aa087cb457361 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1921 Person An individual. Last Name Warren First and Middle Name Michael Sherman, Jr. Hometown Toano, Virginia VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1921 Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Agriculture Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Yes Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Unknown Rank What military rank did this individual hold? Unknown Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? <ul> <li>1921 Bugle indicates that Warren left VPI for a year to serve in the armed forces.</li> </ul> County and/or State Virginia Battles or Engagements What battles or engagements was this individual involved in during World War One? Arras Sector, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne Offensiv Postwar Life What did this individual do after the war? Attended Virginia Tech after the war Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Warren, Michael Sherman Jr. https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/fb16cb0b009e3a69964b90d34bd2fee2.jpg 25d37040f4817797e1201f14f9aff635 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/c8716fde28dec55def904a7a4b7687cb.jpg 94c220a6433c86ca6c0cfe5f29c0cb67 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/4b2e095d3b1305f42d339f1e07a26639.tif 66321af25d1c1a243afeaf1fb17433d3 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/f2eed53e7c583ac2355bfcf5ed3accf8.tif 4044eb900f5c1eb7b56bab686642493a https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/8efb78922ea64cd88439f4b28a698a6a.tif ee74705d7cd1062b9fe14e0f9cee1be2 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/b92bdeac702b809ef25c6247b04ab6c1.jpg 78802762af4e78f44278893e858002f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1924 Person An individual. Last Name Turner First and Middle Name Carlyle Robert Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? 305th Field Signal Battalion, 80th Division Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? <ul> <li>Overseas 12 months</li> <li>Saw action in the Artois Sector, St. Mihiel Offensive, and Meuse-Argonne Offensive</li> </ul> Birth Date 30 July 1894 Birthplace Williamsburg, Virginia Parents Robert and Edna Turner VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1924 Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Yes Rank What military rank did this individual hold? Private Postwar Life What did this individual do after the war? Attended Virginia Tech after the war Hometown Richmond, Virginia Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Electrical Engineering County and/or State Virginia Battles or Engagements What battles or engagements was this individual involved in during World War One? St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensive Bibliography <ul> <li><a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/4854215.html">History of the 318th Infantry Regiment of the 80th Division, 1917-1919</a></li> </ul> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Turner, Carlyle Robert questionnaire https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/01f11ec39237898dbfbb542a8ea0ef9e.jpg 07e339c9c0710bb572772ee4b1277b66 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/fd1a90e4b0e0096f2a18f03d14215d8e.jpg 74a43d0834e16ad09524aecb78e526cf https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/656137970f81186f9726e70e45b01275.jpg 2dab7ef1ffc1e80e301d7ac402507044 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/6559ff02b405dbe35d2d133e5518ca92.tif 53e180207eaafc9515f13891fd09456e https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/e7b328a07f07470d0deb319e1988e23c.tif 34e6c118897f52fd673a80a73af72600 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/45322b63093947036fa110ceec7ba5fa.tif 1796d6e8f4bf2f6a495a82696ab9238e https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/e6be91694f666e5f1c22d19a2a02829e.jpg 60e0280ac70fddb5cca2ea7885a75075 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1924 Person An individual. Last Name Samouce First and Middle Name George Alexander Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Co. L, 116th Infantry, 29th Division Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? Overseas for 11 months Hometown Lynchburg, Virginia Birth Date 26 February 1899 Birthplace Poltava, Russia (now Ukraine) Parents John A. Samouce Rank What military rank did this individual hold? Private Battles or Engagements What battles or engagements was this individual involved in during World War One? <ul> <li>Meuse-Argonne Offensive</li> <li>Battle of Molleville Farm</li> <li>Attack on Bois D'Ormond</li> <li>Battle of Grand Montagne</li> <li>Hopsitalized for shell shock at the Battle of Grande Montagne on October 15, 1918. He remained at the 1st Neurological Hospital in Benoit Vaux, France from October 16, 1918 to November 10, 1918. From November 11, 1918 to November 19 he was at Base # 117.</li> </ul> Occupation Before the war he a clerk at a Hardware Store of Barker and Jenning Hardware Company, after the war he indicated that he was a farmer. This was before he attended VPI. After he left VPI he continued in the service, retiring at the rank of Major in the US Army. VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1924 Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Horticulture Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Yes Other Events What other significant events, outside of the military, occurred in this individual's life? <ul> <li>Born in Poltava, Russia (now Ukraine) before his family emigrated to Cananda in 1907. His family moved again to Lynchburg, Virginia before war broke out in 1917.</li> <li>He served with the Army's 116th Infantry, 29th Division in World War I. He received a bachelor's of science degree from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and served as captain and troop commander on the Capeneddick during World War II.</li> </ul> Biographical Text Samouce was born on February 1899 in Poltava, Russia (now Ukraine) to John Samouce and Anna Ivanovna Perhorovna-Zhikorvitskaya Samouce. In 1907 the Samouce Family, convinced that hard times were ahead in Russia, emigrated to Montreal, Canada and then emigrated again in 1917 to Lynchburg, Virginia. It was there, after the United States entered the war, that young George Samouce (who spoke both Russian and English) entered the Virginia National Guard as a Private. Once integrated into the National Army, the Virginia National Guard became the 116th Infantry within the US 29th Division. <div class="text_exposed_show"> With the 116th George Samouce participated in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive and witnessed intense fighting at Molleville Farm, the Bois D’Ormond, and Grand Montagne. It was at Grand Montagne that he was hospitalized for shell shock on 15 October 1918 where he remained until 10 November 1918. Despite not being an American citizen, George Samouce served, fought, and was wounded in the service of his adopted country. In May 1918 the United States Congress passed legislation that waived all naturalization requirements for soldiers who were serving in the wartime army. As long as the soldiers received honorable discharges at the end of the war, non-citizen soldiers could gain immediate citizenship. Nearly 280,000 men took advantage of this opportunity to become American citizens. It is likely that George Samouce became an American citizen through this legislation. When war ended George Samouce returned to Virginia and enrolled at Virginia Polytechnic Institute where he majored in Horticulture and graduated in 1924. In the years after graduation Samouce returned to the US Army and served for more than two additional decades. During World War II he served as a captain and troop commander in the Pacific Theater and retired from the Army in 1945 at the rank of Major. George Samouce died in Macon, Georgia in 1986 at the age of 87. </div> Death Date 6 July 1986 Place of Death Macon County, Georgia Retired Rank What military rank did this individual hold upon retirement? Major Bibliography <ul> <li><a href="https://army.togetherweserved.com/army/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApps?cmd=ShadowBoxProfile&type=Person&ID=331421">https://army.togetherweserved.com/army/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApps?cmd=ShadowBoxProfile&type=Person&ID=331421</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/55928409/george-alexander-samouce">https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/55928409/george-alexander-samouce</a></li> </ul> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Samouce, George Alexander questionnaire wounded Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Unknown Graduating Classes and Employees Person An individual. Last Name Nunn First and Middle Name W. G. Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Navy Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Served in the USS Huron Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? 15 months in a War Zone Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nunn, W. G. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Unknown Graduating Classes and Employees Person An individual. Last Name Moore First and Middle Name R. E. Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Ambulance Co. 534 Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? Overseas 16 months Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Moore, R. E. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1925 Person An individual. Last Name Morton First and Middle Name B. B. Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Co. M, 116th Infantry, 29th Division Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? Overseas 11 months Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Morton, B. B. https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/ac1a83a31642c06cae9f4b6f259664b5.jpg 24109fec1b80e10833f02f4dd9a9946e https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/c50ff62aef3aa9977a936d0aefb77619.jpg e1ea867d7abe7cbde35c4354312ee53f https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/b06f9e1fdbe9ff39446a71919091ebaa.jpg 8d7c1ae47557374dece853b9cdd083cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1923 Person An individual. Last Name Day First and Middle Name Forrest Ferguson Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? US Army, Air Service (for 21 months) Rank What military rank did this individual hold? Corporal (listed as corporal on embarkation list on the Baltic on 22 January 1918) Hometown Waynesboro, Virginia VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1923 Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Yes Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? According to the 1923 VPI bugle Day piloted a burning aeroplane for a 1500 foot descent before he was forced to give up and crash to earth. He apparently only suffered a broken ankle, four broken rips, a broken nose, and numerous lacerations to the face and body. Returned to US from France on the Texan on 16 April 1916. Birth Date 4 November 1894 Birthplace Waynesboro, Virginia Death Date 14 July 1963 Place of Death Saint Petersburg, Florida Parents Samuel Thompson Day Sr. and Annie Leta Ferguson Spouse(s) Bernice Broughton Greene Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Commercial Engineering Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? 37th Aero Squadron Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Day, Forrest Ferguson https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/2bb415305d52b03ac1cda523eb192428.jpg c73010a52db28f409e84ea893903ef81 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/872429c1333d6bded033acc226b35b8e.jpg a6104260f30c2273ea757c5b88593290 https://vpiworldwarone.vtlibraries.net/files/original/d3a9629f2bb13df17ce3e8929f50fdbd.jpg c27fdee47d2067c3814b3503979b76b2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Class of 1923 Person An individual. Last Name Worley First and Middle Name Douglas Fleming Hometown Radford, Virginia VPI Graduating Class In what VPI class did this individual graduate or what class should they have graduated from? 1923 Undergraduate Major What did this individual major in while at VPI? Civil Engineering Graduated Yes or no, did this individual graduate from VPI? Yes Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? F Co., 5th Engineers Military Events What significant military events occurred in this individual's life? <ul> <li>Was a member of the Army of occupation in Germany</li> <li>Overseas for 7 months</li> </ul> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Worley, Douglas Fleming Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Unknown Graduating Classes and Employees Person An individual. Last Name Towell First and Middle Name J. D. Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? Headquarters Department, 80th Division Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Towell, J. D. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VPI Unknown Graduating Classes and Employees Person An individual. Last Name Munsick First and Middle Name Donald B. Service Branch What branch of the military did this individual serve in? Army Unit What unit or ship did this individual serve in or on? 305th Trench Mortar Battery, 80th Division Rank What military rank did this individual hold? 2nd Lieutenant Additional Notes <ul> <li>Served as the assitant VPI football coach from 1913-1914</li> </ul> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Munsick, Donald B.